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What Were the Scientific and Intellectual Achievements of the Islamic World?

Great empires throughout history take sponsored learning and scholarship. Without intellectual advances, powerful civilizations would not stay powerful for long equally more literate and technologically advanced societies would threaten their economical success and security. The Islamic globe'due south early success resulted from Islamic leader's support for learning and education. The 8th to the 14th century is known as the Islamic golden age of arts and sciences.

The Islamic world sat in the middle of Afro-Eurasia's great civilizations and along major global trade routes. As a result, the Islamic world became a transit hub of ideas and noesis. Big centers of learning developed beyond the Eye East and North Africa. Within these academic learning centers, ideas were exchanged, discussed, and debated. Thus Islamic scholars had a deep well of global cognition from which to draw that allowed them to make significant mathematical, scientific, and technological achievements.

Video: The Islamic Golden Historic period

Advances in Mathematics and Astronomy

Islamic scholars were scientific and mathematical innovators.

• Islam'due south disapproval of using human and brute imagery led the Islamic earth to develop geometry as both a mathematical discipline and an fine art course. While decorating Islamic architecture, Muslim artists discovered all the different types of symmetry that artists could describe on two-dimensional surfaces.
• Persian mathematician Muhammad Al-Khwarizmi, an early director of the Business firm of Wisdom in Baghdad, was a potent abet of adopting the Hindu numerical system of i-ix and 0 originating in India. After the Islamic world embraced this system, it spread to Europe.
• Some other Muslim scholar, Nasir al-Din al-Tulsi, developed algebra every bit a mathematical subject area.
• Al-Tulsi was also an astronomer who mapped the motility of the stars and planets. He theorized that the Milky way milky way was a big number of clustered stars and strongly supported the idea that the globe was not at rest only moving.

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Advances in Literature

The Islamic earth adult a rich tradition of linguistic communication and literature. During the Abbasid period, the Islamic earth reached a loftier point of poetic expression.

• Poetry was considered the height of Islamic civilization due to the art forms associated with god and the Quran. Mutual themes in Islamic verse included love, devotion, and god. One of the nigh accomplished Islamic poets of the era was a woman named A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah, who published beloved poetry praising the Prophet Muhammad. Her entire body of piece of work remained unmatched in size by any woman writer until the 20th century.
• One of the well-nigh famous books in history, Arabian Nights, first appeared in the 9th century. This drove of short stories has no known writer and focuses on adventure, magic, and the Islamic Heart Eastward's wealth. Aladdin is the most familiar tale to western audiences from Arabian Nights.
• The inflow of papermaking techniques from China was essential in helping Islamic literature flourish. Mass production of paper took identify in the Abbasid majuscule of Baghdad and several other major Abbasid cities. Sufficient newspaper stocks allowed for the increased production of manuscripts. Mass product decreased prices and brand books more available to scholars and the educated.

Advances in Medicine

• The Islamic globe as well produced some of the globe's most advanced medical knowledge and practices.
• Islamic scholars developed practices like using hospitals to treat severely sick patients, preparation programs for doctors and medical professionals, using antiseptics similar alcohol to clean wounds, and opium for pain relief developed in the Islamic globe.
• Islamic medical practitioners also understood complex anatomical workings such as claret circulation and how diseases like smallpox, leprosy, and STDs spread.
• Modernistic medical workers notwithstanding apply medical instruments similar forceps, scalpels, and surgical needles that Islamic scholars pioneered during the Islamic Golden Age.

Infographic: Key People and Achievements in Islamic Math, Scientific discipline, and Literature

Video: Scientific discipline in the Islamic Golden Age

How Did Islamic Science and Noesis Impact the World?

The Islamic earth was non just a creator and receiver of knowledge. It also passed ideas, technologies, and concepts through cross-cultural interactions. This diffusion of learning took identify within Islamic urban centers continued to global trading networks. This international knowledge transfer helped atomic number 82 to the transformation of non-Islamic societies, especially those in underdeveloped Europe.

The Business firm of Wisdom

The Islamic globe'south incredible advances in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, literature, and the preservation of ancient Greek civilisation, would not take been possible without the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. Initially built in the late eighth and early on ninth centuries as a library, the House of Wisdom became one of history's largest learning academies for the arts and sciences. Scholars from beyond Eurasia and Northward Africa came to the house of Wisdom to study famous books and manuscripts, learn from other scholars, share knowledge, and fence ideas. Many languages were spoken and translated at the Business firm of Wisdom. As visiting scholars returned to their homelands, they disseminated bookish expertise and practices learned at the Business firm of Wisdom.

Video: The House of Wisdom

Clickable Epitome: Centers of Learning in the Islamic World

The Islamic World'south Function in the Preservation of Aboriginal Greek and European cognition

Ancient Greek philosophy from philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle is the foundation of the mod western earth. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, these philosophers' ideas largely vanished from Western Europe. Even so, they were kept live in the libraries of the Islamic world. Islamic translation of these aboriginal texts helped preserve the ideas and workings of Athenian democracy and the Socratic method (early scientific method). Greek classics would be rediscovered past Europeans during the European Renaissance and Enlightenment periods between the 15th and 19th centuries and provide the foundation for modernistic democratic systems and scientific outlooks.

Cultural Transfer Between Islam and Europe

Islamic Spain provided a close signal of contact between the Christian and Islamic worlds from which the knowledge and innovation from the Islamic earth could spread into Europe. Significant noesis transfers into Europe include:

• the reintroduction of Greek philosophical classics to Western Europe
• medical manuals, medical treatments, and medical tools
• more advanced ideas and theories on algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and astronomy
• new technologies such as the spinning wheel and the windmill

Impact of Transfer Between the Islamic World and Europe

The touch on of these cultural transfers was immense.

• Equally data filtered into Europe, students and scholars became increasingly interested in studying new mathematical, astronomical, medical, and scientific ideas.
• These new interests led to the growth of new universities in cities like Paris, France, and Oxford and Cambridge in England as scholars sought a place dedicated to studying.
• Increasing interests in mathematics,  the sciences, and Greek philosophical classics in Europe planted the seeds of multiple European social revolutions between the 15th and 19th centuries–the European Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Enlightenment. These three events would revolutionize Europe and remake the world between the 15th and 19th centuries.

Infographic: Technologies, Ideas, and Appurtenances Created or Diffused Through the Islamic World

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Source: https://thothios.com/c-1200-to-c-1450/unit-1-the-global-tapestry/technology-and-innovation-in-the-islamic-world/

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